Improvement in boiling sugar



K REED Evaporating Pan.

Patented April 24, 1849.

UNITED STATES Parent @FFICE.

KNIGHT REED, OF NEW HAVEN, CONNECTICUT.

IMPROVEMENT IN BOlLlNG SUGAR.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent Nof'fifififi, dated April21, 1&49.

T0 aZZ whom, it may concern Be it known that I, KNIGHT REED, of the cityand county of New Haven, in the State of Connecticut, have invented anew and useful Improvement in Apparatus for Sugar-Boiling; and I dohereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exactdescription of the construction, character, and operation of the same,reference being had to the accompanying drawings, which make a part ofthis specification, in whieh- Figure 1 is a perspective view of thewhole body of the brick or stonework in which the boiling and clarifyingpans are set for use, showing the door to the ash-box, the openingthrough which the pipes, tubes, or fines are to be cleaned out, thegrate on which the fire is to be built, the doors opening to the grate,and the dampers which regulate the direction of the heat to the severalappropriate parts. Fig. 2 is a perspective view of the opposite side ofthe same, showing theboiling and clarii'ying pans placed in'their properposition for 'use, with the pipes, tubes, or fiues passing through theboiling-pans, the rods and levers by which the dampers are worked, thedoor or opening through which the pipes, tubes, or fines are cleaned outfrom the back end, and the stop-cocks or faucets to draw off any liquidfrom the pans. Fig. 3 is a longitudinal sec tion of the same, showingthe situation of the fire, the form and position of the bottom of theboiling and clarifying pans, the pipes, tubes, or fines, the dampers,and the grate. Fig. 4 is a perspective view of a section of one of thepipes, tubes, or fiues, showing the manner in which they are connectedor joined where they pass from one boiling-pan to another. Fig. 5 isalso a perspective view of a section of one of the pipes, tubes, orfines, showing the open end and flange.

My improvement consists in. so constructing and setting the boiling andclarifying pans that the same fire may heat all at the same time, or theboiling or clarifying pans only, or but one or two of these pans, atpleasure, by properly adjusting the several dampers; and by so settingthe boiling-pans that the fire may never come in contact with the sidesof the pans above the surface of the sirup in them, thereby effectuallypreventing the burning of the sugar; and by passing pipes, tubes, orfines longitudinally through the boiling pans, so that when the dampersare properly adjusted for that purpose the heated air, smoke, 850., maybe sent through the whole length of all the bOlllnglfitlbS, andtherefore through the sirup in them, thereby saving much heat whichotherwise would escape through the other fiues into the chimney, andthus be lost; and by affixing stop-cocks or faucets in the front end ofeach of the clarifying-pans, by which the clarified juice may be drawnoff into the upper or most elevated of the boiling-pans, and from thatboiling-pan by other stop-cocks or faucets in the front end of that andthe next boiling-pan, by which the sirup may be drawn from one boiler tothe other, and from the last or lower boiling-pan by a stop-cock orfaucet in the side be drawn off when the sirup is suifieiently boiled orevaporated for granulation or crystallization, and otherstop-cocks orfaucets in theside to draw oft" the washings from the other boiling-panswhen necessary.

I make the arch or work in which the pans are set of brick, stone, orother suitable materials, substantially in. the form represented inFigs. 1 and 2, 13, with a grate, A, Figs. 1 and 3, on which the fire isto be built, with three or any other suitable number of doors, 0 O C,Fig. 1, abore the grate, for the convenience of making the fire on anyparticular part of the grate A, Figs. 1 and 3, or spread over its wholeextent, as may be most beneficial in any par ticular case; and with adoor, D, Figs. 1 and 3, to the ash-hole below the grate, and an openingby a 'slide, 0, Figs. 1, 2, and 3, in the end, and a door, K, Figs. 2and 3, in the other end, for the purpose of cleaning out the ashes, &e.,which may lodge in the pipes, tubes, or fines I I I, Figs. 2 and 3,which pass through the sirup in the boiling-pans H H H, Figs. 2 and 3,which pipes, tubes, or fiues are to be cleaned out by means of a chainor a spiral spring with sweepers attached, and drawn through the pipes,tubes, or fines, (the chain or spring being conducted by a small rod orwire;) or they may be cleaned out by any other convenient method; andwith a damper, 9, Fig. 3, moved by a rod, 9, Figs. 1 and 3, which shutsofi the heat from the mouths of the pipes, tubes, 01' fiuesI I I, Figs.2 and 3, and sends it all through the tines c bot-.7), and thence intothe chimney F, Figs. 1, 2, and 3; and with a damper,

0. Figs. 1 and 3, which closes the passage at the back end of the upperboiling-pan, H, Figs. 1 and 3, which throws all theheated air, smoke,&c., through the pipes, tubes, or flues I I 1, Figs. 2 and 3, (thedamper g, Fig. 3, being o'pen,) and through the flue at b or 1), Figs. 1and 3, to the chimney F; and with a double damper, b and 1), Figs. 1 and3, which on being turned opens one fluewhile it closes the other. Thenit is in theposition shown in Figs. 1 and 3, all the heat is thrownabove the brick lining M,Figs. 1 and 3, and directly under theclarifying-pans G G, Figs. 2 and 3, as seen in Fig. 3; but when it isturned the other way 1), Figs. 1 and 3, rests against the end of theupper boiling-pan, H, Figs. 2 and 3, while I) rests under and againstthe bottom of the brick lining M, Figs. 1 and 3, and by that means allthe heat is turned under this brick lining M, Figs. 1 and 3, and goesoff to the chimney F, Figs. 1, 2, and 3, without heating the clarifying-pans in any degree. These dampers c and b and b are worked by leversb, b, and c, Fig. 2, the levers being so situated that their weight willsteady the dalnpers in their proper positions; and with two dampers, aand a, Fig. 1, and a, Fig. 3, sliding on the upper side of the bricklining M, Figs. 1 and 3, one under each of the clarifying-pans G G, Fig.2, and G, Fig. 3. These two dampers are moved by rods a and a, Fig. 2,and a, Fig. 3, and may be used to shut off the heat from either of theclarifying-pans, when necessary, or both at the same time; and with abrick lining M, Figs. 1 and 3, which rests on iron bars placed acrossfrom one side to the other of the main or side walls; or it may besupported in any other convenient way. On this brick lining M, Figs. 1and 3, inthe center, I erect a brick partition to stand between andsupport the two clarifyingpans, as seen in Fig. 1, where the two spacesfor Gthe two clarifying-pans are represented by G I make the twoclarifying;pans of sheet-copper or any other suitable material, and ofan oblong form, as seen at G G, Fig. 2, with a stop-cock or faucet, 6,Fig. 3, in the front end of each, to draw off the clarified juice intothe boiling-pan H, Figs. 2 and 3, when needed.

I make the three boiling-pans H, H, and H, Figs. 2 and 3, ofsheet-copper, or any other suitable material, of a square form, as seenin Fig. 2, either in three separate parts, or two,

or all joined together, as may be deemed most convenient, in such amanner that they may be set one elevated above the other, as seen inFigs. '2 and 3, with stop-cocks or faucets d d, Figs. 2 and 3, in thefront ends of the two most elevated, H and H, Figs. 2 and 3, to draw offthe sirup into the pan neXt below; and also with stop-cocks or faucets hh, Fig. 2, in the side to draw off the washings, &c., from theboiling-pans H and H when necessary, and h, Fig. 2, to draw off thesirup when ready for granulation or crystallization. Through the wholelength of these three boiling-pans H, H, and H, Figs. 2 and 3, I inserta suitable heated air, smoke, &c., through the sirup in theboiling-pans, to assist in boiling or evaporating the sirup, therebysaving much heat that would otherwise be lost by escaping through theother lines into the chimney. These pipes, tubes, orfluesI I I, Figs. 2,3, 4t, and5,shouldbcsitnatedthroughouttheirwhole length at asmalldistance from the bottom} 2' i, Fig. 3, of the boiling-pans, as seen insection in Fig. 3, and also from its sides, and from each other, so thatthey may not come in contact with anything but the sirup, except wherethey pass through the ends or partitions of the boiling-pans, where theyare attached together by means of flanges on their ends, and screwbolts,as seen at f, Fig. 4, the ends or partitions of the boiling-pans beingbetween the flanges and the screw-bolts passing through them, so thatthe pipes or tubes form continued fines for the heated air, smoke, 850.,to pass off; or the pipes, tubes, or fines may be secured by any othersubstantial or convenient method. I set the boiling-pans H, H, and H inthe arch or brick-work B, Figs. 1, 2, and 3, one below the other, asrepresented in full in Fig. 2 and in section in Fig. 3; and

the clarifying-pans G, and G still above the boiling-pan H, asrepresented in full in Fig. 2 and in section in Fig. 3, so that theliquid may be readily drawn off from one to the other boiling-pans maybe supported by iron bars running across from side to side of thesidewalls of the arch B, Figs. 1, 2, and 3, directly over the fire.

I build the fire L, Fig. 3, on the grate A, Figs. 1 and 3, oppositeeither or all of the doors 0 O C, Fig. 1, and adjust the dampers so asto allow the smoke, &c., to pass off to the chimney F, Figs. 1, 2, and3, in any of the ways hereinbefore described, and as represented insection in Fig. 3.

For ordinary use I would recommend that the clarifying-pans be made ofsuch size as to contain about one hundred and fifty gallons each, andthe boiling-pans H about two hundred gallons, H about one hundred andfifty gallons, and H about one hundred gallons, and in that proportionfor larger or smaller works when deemed necessary. I also recommend thatthere be two clarifying-pans and three boiling-pans, as alreadydescribed; but any other number of either maybe used if found moreconvenient or useful. I would also recommend that the caliber of thepipes, tubes, or fines be about four inches in diameter for the ordinarysize, and of similar proportion to the boiling-pans for larger orsmaller works, when necessary. I would also recommend that the sirupshould never be drawn off from the boiling-pans quite as low as theupper surface of the pipes, tubes, or flues, except for cleaning theboiling-pans when it is necessary.

The advantages of my improvement over a1 other methods now known consistin setting the boiling-pans in such a manner that they' be elevated, oneabor e another, in a proper po sition to allow of the sirup being drawnfrom one to another by means of the stop-cocks or faucets in the mostconvenient and expeditious manner, and so that the fire can never comein contact with the sides of the boiling-pans so high as the surface ofthe sirup, and thereby prevent the sugar from being burned whileboiling; and in the saving of fuel by causing the heated air, smoke,&c., to pass through the sirup by means of the pipes, tubes, or flues,which pass through the boiling-pans; and in so constructing andarranging the dampers that any particular part may be heated withoutaffecting other parts; and so that the cane-j nice or other liquid maybe heated, for the purpose of clarifying it, by the same fire that heatsthe sirup in the boiling-pans, and which would otherwise pass off to thechimney and be wasted; and by so arranging the doors in the side throughwhich the fire is kindled that the greater part 'of the heat may beapplied to either one or to all of the boiling-pans, or thrown offalmost wholly to the clarifying pans, heating none but the highestboiling-pan, and that but very little.

I am aware that pipes or tubes have been passed through the sirup forthe purpose of heating the sirup with steam, and that pipes or tubes areused in locomotiveboilers as fines to pass the heated air, smoke, &c.through the water in the boi. er, for the purpose of econol'nizing theheat, and that several boilingpans have been heated by one and the samefire. I therefore claim none of these, as such, as my invention; but

WVhatI claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

The combination of the boiling-pans H, H, and H, of this construction,with the pipes or tubes I I I, passing through the whole length of theseries of boiling-pans, and with the several dampers g, c, b, b, a, anda, to direct, vary, and change the direction of the heat, and with theclarifying-pans G and G, so set as to be heated by the same fire whichheats the boiling-pans, and yet so that the heat may be e11- tirely shutfrom the clarifying-pans, or either of them, at pleasure, the wholeconstructed, arranged, combined, and for the purposes sub stantially asherein described.

KNIGHT REED.

\Vitnesses:

J. N. BRADLEY, R. FITZGERALD.

